Problems / Scaling, medium

Autoscaling hits its ceiling

The API runs on a container platform that autoscales from 2 to 3 instances. Traffic needs more.

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Your goals

Success ≥ 99%, p99 ≤ 500 ms.

The traffic

3,000 requests a second for 30 seconds: 90% reads, 10% writes.

The system

What each component does in this design, and what calls it. The simulator mimics each one from these settings.

ComponentIts job hereSettings
Load balancerLoad balancerTraffic enters here.Calls API (containers).Layer 4 balancers route by IP and port; layer 7 balancers read HTTP and can route by path or header.–
API (containers)Container platformLoad balancer forwards to it.Calls Redis cache (checked first), Postgres.Orchestrators like Kubernetes restart failed containers and spread them across machines.300 slots · 2–3 instances
Redis cacheCacheAPI (containers) checks it first for reads.An in-memory cache like Redis usually answers in well under a millisecond inside one region.95% hit rate
PostgresSQL databaseAPI (containers) reads it when Redis cache misses. API (containers) calls it for writes.Postgres runs one process per connection, which is why poolers like PgBouncer sit in front of busy databases.8 vCPU · 60 connections

Hints

Try it first. Open one hint at a time if you get stuck.

Hint 1

Autoscaling can only add instances up to its maximum.

Hint 2

Look at “Instances” on the card.

One way to solve it

Raise the maximum instances (and start with more).

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