Problems / AI systems, medium

LLM gateway with fallback

40 chats/s through your AI gateway and a prompt cache to one hosted model. At 20 s the provider has a 15 s outage.

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Your goals

Keep success ≥ 99% and time to first token p99 ≤ 2.5 s through the outage. Add a fallback to a second provider.

The traffic

40 requests a second for 50 seconds: 100% chat (reads).

The system

What each component does in this design, and what calls it. The simulator mimics each one from these settings.

ComponentIts job hereSettings
Load balancerLoad balancerTraffic enters here.Calls AI gateway (keys, routing, retries).Layer 4 balancers route by IP and port; layer 7 balancers read HTTP and can route by path or header.–
AI gateway (keys, routing, retries)App serviceLoad balancer forwards to it.Calls Prompt cache.Little's law: throughput ≈ concurrency ÷ latency. 200 slots at 50 ms serve about 4,000 req/s.2 replicas × 400 slots · timeout 20 s
Prompt cachePrompt cacheAI gateway (keys, routing, retries) calls it.Calls Primary model (provider A).Providers can cache a long repeated prompt prefix, cutting cost and time to first token.2000 slots · 20% hit rate
Primary model (provider A)LLM endpointPrompt cache calls it.Latency has two parts: time to the first token, then a steady stream of tokens per second.400 streams · 3,000 calls/min

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