Problems / Agents and tools, medium

Approvals pile up

A finance agent asks a human to approve every payment. Five reviewers take about 20 s each; tasks arrive at 0.5 a second.

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Your goals

Success ≥ 95% of tasks, p99 ≤ 3 minutes.

The traffic

0.5 requests a second for 60 seconds: 100% task (writes).

The system

What each component does in this design, and what calls it. The simulator mimics each one from these settings.

ComponentIts job hereSettings
Load balancerLoad balancerTraffic enters here.Calls Agent API.Layer 4 balancers route by IP and port; layer 7 balancers read HTTP and can route by path or header.–
Agent APIApp serviceLoad balancer forwards to it.Calls Agent orchestrator.Little's law: throughput ≈ concurrency ÷ latency. 200 slots at 50 ms serve about 4,000 req/s.3 replicas × 500 slots · timeout 180 s
Agent orchestratorAgent orchestratorAgent API calls it.Calls Model, Human approval.An agent loops: think, call a tool, read the result, repeat until done.400 slots · 1 steps
ModelLLM endpointAgent orchestrator calls it.Latency has two parts: time to the first token, then a steady stream of tokens per second.300 streams
Human approvalHuman approvalAgent orchestrator calls it.Human-in-the-loop review holds risky actions until a person approves them.5 slots

Hints

Try it first. Open one hint at a time if you get stuck.

Hint 1

0.5 × 20 s = 10 reviews in progress.

Hint 2

Ask only for risky actions, or add reviewers.

One way to solve it

Add reviewer capacity (and approve only irreversible actions).

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